Recent Talks

The IAC is the only Spanish Institution participating as a full member in SDSS-III (2009-2014). The survey finishes in June 2014, and will publicly release all data by the end of the year, including H-band high-resolution spectra for 100,000 stars in the Milky Way and optical mid-resolution spectra for 1.5 million LRGs and 160,000 quasars.

SDSS-IV will immediately follow, including spectroscopic surveys of variable sources, x-ray source follow-up observations, galaxy and quasar redshifts, Integral-field-unit spectroscopy of galaxies and high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of galactic stars, organized in the following projects: Time-Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Sources (SPIDERS), Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA), and the APO Galaxy Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2).

The participation of the IAC in SDSS is gaining strength. As an example, in the first half of 2013, about 13% of the papers published by IAC researchers used SDSS data, and these papers contributed 33% of the citations received by the IAC in the same period. We will provide an overview of SDSS activities at the IAC, and current plans for participating in SDSS-IV (2014-2020).

1) López-Corredoira & Gutiérrez (2012, RAA, 12, 249): Extremely luminous QSOs exist at high redshift but they are absent at low redshift. Our analyses show that it is not due to any significant evolution of black hole masses or Eddington ratios for equal luminosity QSOs, so the problem can be translated into a "Why are not there QSOs with very high black hole masses at low redshift?". 2) López-Corredoira & Perucho (2012, A&A, 544, 56): The MOJAVE survey contains 101 quasars with a total of 354 observed radio components that are different from the radio cores, among which 95% move with apparent projected superluminal velocities with respect to the core, and 45% have projected velocities larger than 10c (with a maximum velocity 60c). Relativistic Doppler boosting explains these apparent anomalies, but it requires a huge average kinetic power to produce such powerful ejections: ~7×10^{47} erg/s, a significant portion of the Eddington luminosity and on the order of the bolometric luminosity. This amount is much higher than previous estimates of kinetic power on kpc-scales. 3) There are many other pending problems in QSOs in the literature (review at López-Corredoira 2011, IJAA, 1, 73): the different structure of the clouds along the QSO's line of sight and their tangential directions; the spatial correlation between QSOs and galaxies; inconsistencies in the AGN unification model; etc.

The accelerated expansion of the Universe discovered in the late 90's has opened one of the most intriguing questions of modern  physics. To help to understand its origin, and measure the expansion history of the Universe, large galaxy spectroscopic surveys are being carried out and planned for the future. In this talk, I will review the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and the requirements to achieve its precise results. I will then describe a sample of large-volume high-resolution N-body simulations available at MultiDark database,
that are useful to test the models. Finally, I will present some work I have been doing aimed at producing a large number of mock galaxy catalogs using an improved lagrangian perturbation theory calibrated with these simulations. Mock galaxy catalogs are essential to produce reliable cosmological constraints from these surveys.

Next generation of CMB experiments will require a large number of detectors (few tens of thousands) in order to tackle the challenging detection of primordial polarization B modes. Furthermore, high resolution experiments are needed for a detailed study of high redshift objects including clusters of galaxies, proto-clusters and dusty galaxies. Within this context Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) are a serious alternative to bolometers at millimetre wavelengths. Indeed, KIDs are naturally multiplexed and compact allowing us to construct arrays of thousands of detectors. Furthermore, KIDs present short time constants (below 1 ms) and have been demonstrated to be background limited on ground based observations. The NIKA camera, made of two matrices (200 KIDs each) operated at 140 and 240 GHz, has been installed successfully at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Pico Veleta, Granada. NIKA has provided the first ever scientific quality astrophysical observations with KIDs. In particular RXJ1347.5-1145, a massive intermediate redshift galaxy cluster at z = 0.4516 undergoing a merging event, has been successfully mapped at 12 arcsec resolution by NIKA. NIKA is a general purpose camera and it can be also used for other astrophysical objectives including for example observations of high redshift galaxies and proto-clusters, and detailed intensity and polarisation mapping of star-forming regions in the Galaxy. NIKA is a prototype of the NIKA2 camera that should be installed in 2015 at the IRAM 30 m telescope. NIKA2 should have 2 frequency bands at 150 and 250 GHz with about 5000 detectors in total and polarisation capabilities. NIKA2 will be well-suited for in-depth studies of the Intra Cluster Medium in intermediate to high redshift clusters and the follow-up of clusters and proto-clusters newly discovered by the Planck satellite. Finally, we discuss the possibility of including KIDs in the next generation of CMB satellites as for example PRISM.

About half the baryons in the local Universe could be in the form of a Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). If a large fraction of the gas is ionized, it could produce significant temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), generated by the thermal and also the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We have developed a theoretical framework to describe the mildly non-linear regime of the WHIM that allows us to compute its contribution to CMB anisotropies. We discuss prospective ways of detecting the WHIM contribution using our formalism and discuss our results on PLANCK data and the constraints we set on the WHIM parameters.

In this talk I present an overview of the structure, activity and goals
of the Gaia-ESO survey, a large public spectroscopic survey aimed at investigating
the origin and formation history of our Galaxy by collecting high quality spectroscopy
of representative samples (about 105 Milky Way stars) of all Galactic stellar populations,
in the field and in clusters. Briefly, I discuss the most relevant results obtained so far.
In particular, I present our study on the internal kinematics of Galactic globular clusters based on the radial estimates obtained from the survey complemented with ESO archive data.

Can weather models be helpful for astronomers? In this talk, I do a revision of the state-of-the-art in numerical weather prediction models and its specific applications for astronomical observatories. In the context of flexible scheduling, the weather prediction models, and the mesoscale models in particular, can give a significant contribution in the management of the observing nights based on the forecasted atmospheric conditions. A prototype for the operational forecasting of the Precipitable Water Vapour above ORM for observations in the Infrared, currently under development, is presented and discussed.

Our group is presently conducting an observational campaign, using the 10-meter Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), to obtain the transmission spectrum of several exoplanets during a transit event. The GTC instrument OSIRIS is used in its long-slit spectroscopic mode, covering the spectral range of 520-1040 nm, and observations are taken using a set of custom-built slits of various, broad, widths. We integrate the stellar flux of both stars in different wavelength regions producing several light curves and fit transit models in order to obtain the star-to-planet radius ratio Rp/Rs across wavelength. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Bayesian approach is used for the transit fitting. With our instrumental setup, OSIRIS has been able to reach precisions down to 250 ppm (WASP-48b, V=11.06 mag) for each color light curve 10 nm wide, in a single transit. Central transit timing accuracies have been measured down to 6 seconds.

Here, we will present refined planet parameters, the detection of planet color signatures, and the transmission spectrum of a set of know transiting exoplanets, namely: WASP-43b, HAT-P-32b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-48b. We will also discuss the capabilities and limitations of GTC with current and future instrumentation, and the role of GTC as tool for the follow up of faint Kepler targets. In particular, we will present the GTC observations of the intriguing evaporating planet KIC 12557548b, for which we performed simultaneous color light curves, and a search for alkali elements in its planetary tail. Other setups for observations (Broad and tunable filter photometry) have also been used and will be briefly discussed. The lessons learned from our GTC exoplanet observations will be discussed in the context of the E-ELT future capabilities.

Cognitive Astrophysics brings together tools, techniques and lessons learned from fields apparently as far apart as linguistics, philosophy and cognitive psychology, and merges them with modes and methods of understanding and discovery in modern cosmology, galaxy evolution and astrophysics. I will present an illustrated overview of the field from a variety of perspectives, and close with a discussion of "Pentessence" as an example of a globally organizing concept describing self-gravitating systems known to be operating on vastly different physical scales and in apparently disparate astrophysical circumstances.

At the end of 2013, the Hubble Space Telescope has started its last flagship program : the "Frontier Fields". In the framework of this project, three of the most powerful space telescopes to date - Hubble, Spitzer and Chandra - will dedicate a large amount of their observing time to observe six galaxies clusters, who act as additional lenses and amplify the light from background sources, including very faint galaxies to the edge of the observable Universe. These images will reach a depth comparable to the "Hubble Ultra Deep Field", but in a cluster field. Abell 2744, the first Frontier Fields target, has been observed by HST since November 1 and the first release has been made public on December 17. We have used this dataset to search for Lyman Break galaxy (LBG) at z>6.5 in the 4.9 arcmin^2 field of view of the WFC3. Several sources have been selected and the highest redshift object is estimated at z=8, called Abell2744_Y1. The amplification factor of this object is relatively modest (mu=1.5). We used our own reduced Spitzer images at 3.6 and 4.5 microns to constrain the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the z=8 galaxy candidate. We computed its properties by SED-fitting using templates with and without nebular emissions. The star formation rate (SFR) in this galaxy ranges from 8 to 60Mo/yr, the stellar mass is in the order of (2.5-10) x 10^9 Mo and the size r=0.35+/-0.15 kpc, and it is consistent with expectations and previous estimates in this range of redshift. The brightness of this galaxy (F160W=26.2 AB) makes it one of the brightest z=8 object to date, and could be observed by current NIR-spectrograph in a reasonable amount of time.